401: Fischer Projections                                                                        

402: Appendix: Depicting Molecular Structures                                   

403: The Properties of Water Affect the Bonding Abilities of Biomolecules          

The Integration of Metabolism

404: The Integration of Metabolism                                                      

405: Fuel sources for muscle contraction                                              

406: Interplay of metabolic pathways for energy production.                  

407: Electron Micrograph of Mitochondria.                                         

408: Covalent Modifications.                                                                

409: Compartmentation of the Major Pathways of Metabolism.               

410: Regulation of Glycolysis.                                                              

411: Regulation of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway.                            

412: Regulation of Gluconeogenesis.                                                    

413: Glycogen Granules.                                                                       

414: Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis.                                             

415: Control of Fatty Acid Degradation.                                             

416: Metabolic Fates of Glucose 6-Phosphate.                                     

417: Major Metabolic Fates of Pyruvate and Acetyl CoA in Mammals.     

418: Metabolism Consist of Highly Interconnected Pathways                 

419: Fuel reserves in a typical 70-kg man                                             

420: Metabolic Interchanges between Muscle and Liver.                       

421: Synthesis and Degradation of Triacylglycerols by Adipose Tissue.    

422: Electron Micrograph of Liver Cells.                                              

423: Insulin Secretion.                                                                           

424: Each Organ Has a Unique Metabolic Profile                                

425: Fuel Choice During Starvation.                                                     

426: Synthesis of Ketone Bodies by the Liver.                                    

427: Fuel metabolism in starvation                                                        

428: Entry of Ketone Bodies Into the Citric Acid Cycle.                      

429: Food Intake and Starvation Induce Metabolic Changes                  

430: Dependence of the Velocity of Running on the Duration of the Race.            

431: Fuel Choice During Exercise Is Determined by Intensity and Duration of Activity    

432: Ethanol Alters Energy Metabolism in the Liver                            

433: Summary                                                                                       

434: Problems                                                                                        

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

435: NAD, FAD, and Coenzyme A Are Formed from ATP                   

436: de Novo Pathway for Pyrimidine Nucleotide Synthesis.                 

437: Structure of Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase.                            

438: Ammonia-Generation Site.                                                            

439: Substrate Channeling.                                                                   

440: In de Novo Synthesis, the Pyrimidine Ring Is Assembled from Bicarbonate, Aspartate, and Glutamine              

441: de Novo Pathway for Purine Nucleotide Synthesis.                       

442: de Novo Purine Biosynthesis.                                                       

443: Inosinate Formation.                                              

444: Generating AMP and GMP.                                                         

445: Purine Bases Can Be Synthesized de Novo or Recycled by Salvage Pathways           

446: Ribonucleotide Reductase R1 Subunit.                                        

447: Ribonucleotide Reductase R2 Subunit.                                        

448: Ribonucleotide Reductase Mechanism.                                        

449: Thymidylate Synthesis.